Shinagawa Battery:
The base portion of the battery has survived in good condition. Investigation proceeds of the tonsho, embankment, and the portion of the stone walls below sea level.
Corner segment of the stone wall (from the east)
Where best preserved, the buried stone wall survived to a height of about 4 m. The wall was basically built as uncoursed masonry, with stone blocks piled in diagonal orientation, but near the corner this changes to coursed masonry, with the tops of the blocks forming horizontal lines. The care with which it was constructed became evident in such details as the fixing of corner stones in place with iron dowels on their upper and lower sides, and backing them with a double layer of large stones.
(Image owned by Tokyo Metropolitan Board of Education)
Corner segment of the stone wall viewed from above (from the northwest)
(Image owned by Tokyo Metropolitan Board of Education)
Plan of the battery and the areas of investigation
In the 2011 fiscal year the tonsho was investigated, and glazed pottery from the end of the Edo period, plus two Minié balls were found. In fiscal 2012 the eastern outer side was excavated, and conditions were learned of the reclamation, stone wall, and underwater areas.
Adapted from Hakkutsu sareta Nihon rettō 2014 [Excavations in the Japanese Archipelago, 2014](Bunkachō [Agency for Cultural Affairs], ed., Asahi Shimbun Publications, 2014). (Image owned by Tokyo Metropolitan Board of Education)
Remains of the tonsho building (from the north)
Features identified as facilities of the battery's interior, such as a
stone-lined drainage gutter, embankment, and earthwork, were discovered during
investigation near the entrance. The building's base was supported with sturdy
construction, using foundation piles with a ground sill.
Adapted from Hakkutsu sareta Nihon rettō 2014 [Excavations in the Japanese Archipelago, 2014] (Bunkachō [Agency for Cultural Affairs], ed., Asahi Shimbun Publications, 2014).
(Image owned by Tokyo Metropolitan Board of Education)
Large-scale reclamation work with rough stones (from the southeast)
It was learned that great volumes of hardpan were laid down approximately 24 m seaward, upon which rough stones unsuited for other construction were piled in the large-scale reclamation for building the artificial islands of the batteries. It is thought that the wooden framework of piles seen to the front was first set up, and then used as a base for starting the reclamation work.
(Image owned by Tokyo Metropolitan Board of Education)
Schematic diagram of the structure
In the same manner as for the tonsho, a construction technique adapted to weak ground was used for the stone wall, with a ground sill made as a framework of crossed horizontal members.
Adapted from Hakkutsu sareta Nihon rettō 2014 [Excavations in the Japanese Archipelago, 2014] (Bunkachō [Agency for Cultural Affairs], ed.,Asahi Shimbun Publications, 2014).
(Image owned by Tokyo Metropolitan Board ofEducation)
Distribution of the Shinagawa Battery
In the initial plan there were to be 11 placements set up, but construction began at just eight, of which six were completed. At present only Nos. 3 and 6, directly below the Rainbow bridge, are preserved as a Historic Site.
Adapted from Hakkutsu sareta Nihon rettō 2014 [Excavations in the Japanese Archipelago, 2014] (Bunkachō [Agency for Cultural Affairs], ed., Asahi Shimbun Publications, 2014).
(Image owned by Tokyo Metropolitan Board of Education)
Shinagawa Battery (No. 5) Site, Minato Ward, Tokyo Prefecture
Investigation of a cannon battery, a defensive base for Edo Bay
The Shinagawa Battery is comprised of western style cannon batteries built on artificial islands off the Shinagawa coast in the closing days of the Tokugawa shogunate, in response to the visit of Commodore Perry's "black ships" in Kaei 6 (1853). The shogunate invested large amounts of resources and personnel in planning the construction of 11 batteries, of which six were completed.
Battery No. 5 was finished in the twelfth month of Ansei 1 (1854), and its maintenance was first entrusted to the Shōnai domain, then the Kokura (from 1859), Matsue (from 1863), Kawagoe (from 1864), and Sakura (from 1867) domains in turn. Fortunately it passed into the Meiji period without ever having been used in actual battle.
Battery No. 1 was discovered in 1991, and No. 5 in 2011, within the fill of the Shinagawa wharf, and it became clear through excavation that the lower portions of these facilities had survived in good condition.
During the 2011 fiscal year investigation, conditions were learned regarding the main facilities of the interior of Battery No. 5 in the environs of the tonsho (a rest house
for soldiers on watch), located near the entrance.
In fiscal 2012, the portion from outside the battery to the outer face of the stone wall was excavated, and the structure of the stone wall and earthwork, plus the structure and process of construction of the large-scale reclamation of the sea, were clarified.
Built through a fusion based on Western books on fort construction and adapting traditional Japanese architectural and civil engineering techniques, the Shinagawa Battery tells the tense state of affairs at the end of the Tokugawa shogunate. (Ōyagi Kenji)